-- 作者： hilary -- 发布时间： 2003/05/13 10:50am 如何答好高考英语听力理解题                                                    人大附中  程岚高考英语听力理解题对大多数北京学生来说是非常容易拿分的题，但是要想拿满分却不太容易。我认真地分析近年来市、区的听力测试题，我认为要想拿到高分，请同学们复习和做题时注意以下几点建议：一、掌握高考英语听力考试的考查要点即测试点。 1、理解对话的主旨大意 例如：2003年海淀一模听力题的第6题  What are they mainly talking about?A. Making money.B. The weather. C. A birthday party.听力原文：W: I hope it rains today.M: Why?W: Well, if it rains on your birthday, it means you make lots of money this year.M:  How do you know?W: That’s what my grandfather says every time it rains on someone’s birthday.M:  We’re having a party tonight.W: Are we?M: It’s a surprise party. I’ve invited some friends over. Susan doesn’t know about it yet.W: Right. Aren’t you taking Susan to a concert?M: Yes, but I’m taking her to the party afterwards. Why don’t I ask Peter to pick you up at ten?W:  Oh, no, that would be too much trouble. I can make it there by myself. Where’s the party?【分析】虽然对话中提到了making money 和weather，但是对话的主旨还是谈论a birthday party。做此类题时，同学们要学会分析综合，善于体会出贯穿整个谈话的主线，而不要在次要信息上纠缠。2、获取对话中具体信息 为了说明和解释主旨，对话或独白中需要一些具体信息，如时间、地点、人物、以及人物做过或将要做或正在做或经常做的事情等等，这些信息对理解对话、把握对话主旨是不可缺少的内容，且在试题中占相当大的比例。常见题干有：① At what time does the office open?② Where did the woman stay last year?③ Who cleaned the room?④ What did the man do last Saturday?⑤ What will the woman do this evening?⑥ What was Jane doing at that time?⑦ What did the man do every Sunday?这类题相对比较容易。同学们只要听前看清题干，认真分析选项，预测答案，然后带着问题听，一般都能做对。3、推断对话发生的时间、地点、对话者之间关系、以及事件缘由和结果。有时同学们在听清、听懂信息的同时，还要对所听到的信息做简单的处理。有的也需要进行简单的计算。常见题干有：① When did the conversation take place?② Where are the two speakers?③ What is the relationship of the two speakers?④ What is the most probable result of the conversation?⑤ Why did Tom come into the room?同学们同样需要听前看清题干，认真分析选项，预测答案，然后带着问题听。此外，还应熟悉数字的读法，以及时间、距离、价格和日期的表达方式，同时对倍数、分数、百分比的数量概念以及表示比较的句型结构如：double, twice, a quarter, as big as, half the price, ten percent 等也要听得出来。4、理解领会对话者的观点、态度及意图 这类考题要求考生不但能理解录音原文的主旨大意，而且还要通过文中的重要细节、具体事实，揣摩、推断说话者的意图、观点和态度等，这类题能测试出考生在听力方面的综合素质。例如：《2003年北京卷考试说明》样题第6段听力材料中第7小题：What can we learn about the woman? 听力原文：……W: Oh, well… I’d really like to, but…um… I’m studying for my exams at the moment, and well…I’m sorry…I can’t. M: Ok, -- not to worry. Some other time then, I suppose.W: Oh, yeah…right...sure.【分析】要求考生领会说话人的语气。当一个男生约一个女生出去，女生说我很想去，但要复习功课。70很抱歉，去不了。如果同学能够听出女生犹豫的语气，就不难选出正确答案：She doesn’t really want to go。又如：2003年海淀一模听力题的第11题What will happen after the conversation?A. She will call Mr. TaylorB. She won’t make the website.C. She won’t get in touch with him. 听力原文：W: Okay, Mr. Taylor, let's go ahead and begin. First of all, tell me about your last job.M: Well, I worked for five years at Hi Tech Computers.W:Okay. Hi Tech. How about your website authoring skills? Oh. We are looking for someone to create and manage our company’s website.M:Umm . . . uh, website, website. Huh . . . I don’t think I've read that book.W:Huh?! And what about the experience with making a flash?M: Well . . . I think sometimes computers flash. . . if that’s what you mean.W:Okay, Mr. Taylor, I think I have all the information I need!M:Oh, and I really like computer games. I play them every day.W:Right, right. Thanks, Mr. Taylor. We'll he in touch.【分析】同学们应该注意说话人的语气和语调，从而推断出谈话者的观点和态度。此题中的女士对应聘的男士非常不满意，答案应该是She won’t get in touch with him。二．如何备考听力测试1、每天保证20至30分钟的听力训练时间。泛听、精听相结合。精听：指听高考类型的听力试题，不看原文。听两遍之后，还没听懂的部分需要反复听，直到听懂为止。泛听：指任何形式的听力训练，包括英文电视、电影、广播节目、英文歌曲和英文网站等等。现在向同学们推荐一个比较好的英语听力网站：Randall’s ESL Cyber Listening Lab http://esl-lab.com2、培养正确的语音和语言技能 听力能力的提高必须建立在单词正确的发音基础上。同学们必须掌握单词的正确发音，要有很好的语音知识，要能正确区分单词的重读、弱读、爆破及失去爆破，学会辨别句子的连读、节奏以及语调的变化。比较好的做法是跟着磁带大声朗读，模仿录音带里native speaker的语音语调。同学们手头都有很多听力套题，可以看着已经听过的录音材料，听磁带规范自己的语音。3.注意语篇较长的听力技巧训练 在听较长的语篇时要注意整体的掌握。注意的焦点应当是整个语篇的大意，而不是在个别词语上。有的考生常常因为某个单词没有听出来，就焦急不安，一直在想那个单词的意思，结果是下面连着几个句子就无法听清。失去了找正确答案的机会。出现这种情形时，一定沉住气，继续往下听，可能下面的句子会给你一些启示。也可以利用中间的停顿时间把试题再看看，结合试题去联想。 4.要有扎实的语言交际功能知识 高考英语听力测试的对话都反映了某种交际功能，同学们应该熟悉在特定情景中的语言交际功能，可以按类别对语言特定的功能进行梳理，比如：购物，道歉，问路等等的功能句都需要掌握。另外还需要积累一些常用口语的短语和句型。例如can’t complain 意思是as good as expected, 没说的，太好了。5.熟悉英美国家文化背景知识《2003年北京卷考试说明》样题第10段听力材料是一段广告，很多同学对这种题材的听力材料非常不熟悉。建议同学们对那些平时自己不太接触的，但又是日常生活中或报刊中能见到的、容易出错的题材，可以相对加强训练，了解一下某一类题材的常用词汇和句型。例如：2003年海淀第一学期期末练习的第10段材料（广告）听力原文：Hey you! This is your carpet speaking. Helllooo! Hey, I take a real beating from you and your family every day. The kids track mud all over me. The dog leaves a lot of fur balls everywhere. You spilt coffee the other day while entertaining guests, and your husband left some potato chip crumbs last night while watching the football game. Don’t you think it’s about time to give me a good cleaning?Now pick up that phone and call Master Cleaners now. I see them on the TV all the time. They’ll clean any three rooms for $30, and any connecting hall is free. And if you call now, you’ll receive 10% off their already low prices. So come on! Give them a call at 637-5001, and make life for me a little easier.又如：2003年海淀一模听力题的第10段材料（美国的天气预报材料）听力原文：Well, for those of you who went out today, I don’t have to tell you it was clear, but foggy for most of the state, with the high temperatures in the low to mid 90’s. The city of Elkview had the high for the day of 97 degrees. And that's hot. I’m glad I’m working indoors today!For those of you planning outdoor activities tomorrow, you can expect fair skies for most of Saturday with temperatures in the high 90’s. However, things might change by Saturday evening with a storm front moving in. We can expect light showers over the northern part of the state bringing slightly cooler temperatures in the 80’s, but this rain should slowly come to an end by mid Sunday morning. It will be partly cloudy for most of the morning, but these clouds should move out by mid-afternoon of Sunday.And that’s all for today’s weather. 三、听力测试的应试技巧建议 1．利用试音时间，熟悉朗读者的语音语调，集中注意力，稳定情绪，尽快进入英语测试状态。 2．利用听录音前的时间，迅速地捕捉每个小题题干、选项所提供的信息，预测短文或对话可能涉及到的内容，这样听录音材料时就有的放矢，有所侧重，提高答题的准确率。 3．克服犹豫不决的毛病，对自己有把握的试题应快速作答，对无把握的试题也要在所听信息的基础上排除错误选项，进行优化处理。不会作答的，立即暂时搁置，准备听新的题目。 4．边听边速记，较长的对话或独白所涉及的内容较多，尤其一些关键词语往往较易混淆，即使听得清楚听得准，但是由于材料信息量较大，该记的东西较多，过后便没能准确地回忆起来，如表示时间、日期、年龄、价格、距离的数字，或是地名、人名等。这时可以用笔在试卷的空白处以阿拉伯数字或符号的形式记下，以便加深印象，有助于判断、选择正确答案。 5. 学会听话听音，即借助语义标记，了解说话人的思想。 例如： ①表示说话人想总结其说话内容的有：to summarize，in a （one）word等；②表示时间顺序的有：first, second, third, next, after that, then, last, finally等； ③表示原因和结果的有because，as，for，since，so，as a result等； ④表示思路转折的有：but，although，though，yet等； ⑤表示强调的有：indeed，anyway，in fact等； ⑥表示加深程度的有：besides，what's more， moreover等。 -- 作者： meidan96 -- 发布时间： 2007/02/14 03:20pm 太精了。对我很有帮助。如果再增加一些例子，那就更好了。